Legal Studies in Digital Age In Press 2027 09 01 Smart Constitutional Oversight of Laws and Regulations in the Context of Modern Governance Smart Constitutional Oversight of Laws and Regulations in the Context of Modern Governance 1 18 EN Journal Article 2026 05 11 <p>This study aimed to identify and explain the constitutional foundations, intelligent mechanisms, accountability safeguards, institutional requirements, and implementation conditions necessary for developing smart oversight of laws and regulations within the framework of modern governance. This study employed an exploratory qualitative design. The study population consisted of experts in constitutional law, public law, administrative law, legislation and regulation, digital governance, artificial intelligence, and legal technologies working in Tehran. Using purposive sampling with maximum variation, 18 participants were selected based on relevant academic or professional expertise and at least five years of related experience. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until conceptual saturation was achieved. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis through iterative coding, constant comparison, category development, and abstraction of overarching themes. Credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were strengthened through member checking, systematic documentation of coding decisions, peer consultation, and continuous comparison between raw data and emerging themes. Analysis of the interviews yielded 126 focused codes, 33 subthemes, and five overarching themes. The findings indicated that smart constitutional oversight requires constitutional legitimacy and normative conformity, including constitutional supremacy, protection of fundamental rights, equality, legality, institutional competence, separation of powers, proportionality, and procedural fairness. Intelligent oversight was further characterized by semantic constitutional screening, automated detection of conflicts and obsolete regulations, rights-risk identification, and continuous regulatory monitoring. Participants emphasized that algorithmic outputs must remain explainable, traceable, contestable, and subject to mandatory human validation. Institutional interoperability, standardized legal metadata, multidisciplinary governance, explicit legal authorization, reliable data, cybersecurity, algorithmic auditing, professional training, and phased implementation were identified as essential conditions for effective implementation.</p> https://www.jlsda.com/index.php/lsda/article/download/482/397