Legal Studies in Digital Age 5 Serial Number 18 2026 11 01 Trademark as a Data Message and a Comparative Analysis of the Approaches of Iranian and American Law Trademark as a Data Message and a Comparative Analysis of the Approaches of Iranian and American Law 1 16 EN Journal Article 2026 01 01 <p>Today, electronic commerce, facilitated by the Internet and cyberspace, has become one of the unavoidable phenomena of human life. Cyberspace has created a situation in which an individual or individuals from one corner of the world can communicate with another individual or group on the opposite side of the globe and conclude the largest commercial transactions and contracts without ever having met each other in person. In this context, many of these exchanges and transactions are conducted on the basis of a trademark through which one or both parties introduce themselves to the other party. In contemporary electronic and Internet-based transactions concluded throughout the world, trademarks function as data messages and constitute the central element of electronic and online commercial and economic exchanges. This issue, in itself, is a subject that entails various legal dimensions and aspects and may provide grounds for extensive legal analyses. The objective of the present study is to examine and assess the possibility of recognizing a data message as a trademark and to analyze the approach of Iranian law toward this issue.</p> https://www.jlsda.com/index.php/lsda/article/download/397/479