Administrative Police Powers in Emergency Situations in Iranian and Iraqi Law

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesizing the curriculum for legal literacy education for students and presenting a comprehensive conceptual model. The focus of the research was on identifying the main themes across five dimensions: (1) the content and classification of the concept of legal literacy and its dimensions and components, (2) strategies and educational interventions for enhancing students’ legal literacy, (3) mapping outcomes to the knowledge, attitude, skills, and environment (K-A-S-E) framework and analyzing evidence, (4) identifying implementation barriers and facilitators, and (5) key recommendations for developing the desired conceptual model. The research method was qualitative and based on meta-synthesis using the Roberts model. The study population included all studies related to the curriculum of legal literacy education both inside and outside the country, from which 18 studies were selected as the final sample through purposive sampling and analyzed. The data collection tools were a checklist and a content analysis inventory, whose validity was confirmed by experts. Data were examined using descriptive systematic review, interpretive analysis, and thematic analysis, leading to the extraction of basic, organizing, and overarching themes. The results showed that legal literacy should be designed within an integrative framework consisting of knowledge, attitudinal, skill-based, and environmental dimensions, and that components such as justice, citizenship rights, responsibility, legal reasoning skills, interactive learning environments, family participation, and the involvement of social institutions play a fundamental role. Moreover, barriers such as a shortage of specialized teachers, lack of coherent content, and limited educational resources were identified, while solutions such as curriculum revision, professional development of teachers, the use of educational technologies, and the design of integrative approaches were proposed. Finally, a localized conceptual model was presented that can serve as a strategic framework for curriculum design, educational policymaking, and teacher professional development.