The Relationship Between Social Networks and Public Conscience in the Adoption of Populist Criminal Policy Toward Violent Crimes

Abstract

This study examines the role and influence of public conscience in the adoption of populist penal policy in response to violent crimes as reflected on social networks. Public conscience, understood as the set of shared beliefs, values, and emotions within a society, has always played a critical role in shaping criminal laws and penal policies. With the advent of social networks, this role has become more pronounced, as public opinions and emotions are rapidly disseminated on a massive scale. In this context, violent crimes—which often receive extensive coverage on social media—draw particular attention. The dissemination of images and videos related to such crimes can intensify societal feelings of anger, fear, and insecurity. These emotions, in turn, may lead to increased public demand for harsher punishments and more stringent criminal policies. Populist penal policy, which seeks to satisfy public opinion by providing swift and decisive responses to crimes, may become particularly appealing under such circumstances. However, such policy-making may disregard the principles of criminal justice and human rights considerations, potentially resulting in violations of the rights of the accused and an escalation of societal violence. This study explores the concept of public conscience and the mechanisms through which it influences penal policy, as well as the role of social networks in amplifying public emotions and shaping punitive demands. Furthermore, it investigates the consequences of adopting populist penal policy in response to violent crimes on social networks, including the violation of defendants’ rights, the exacerbation of violence, and the erosion of public trust in the judicial system.